Unit 1 Famous Universties Self-assessment Test
1、 Section BDirections: In this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible（可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.21. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _.
A:still judge a man by his clothes
B:hold the uniform in such high regard
C:enjoy having a professional identity
D:will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
答案: hold the uniform in such high regard
2、 People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _.
A:suggests quality work
B:discards his social identity
C:appears to be more practical
D:looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
答案: suggests quality work
3、 The chief function of a uniform is to _.
A:provide practical benefits to the wearer
B:make the wearer catch the public eye
C:inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself
D:provide the wearer with a professional identity
答案: provide the wearer with a professional identity
4、 According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _.
A:are usually helpful
B:have little or no individual freedom
C:tend to lose their individuality
D:enjoy greater popularity
答案: tend to lose their individuality
5、 The best title for this passage would be _.
A:Uniforms and Society
B:The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C:Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D:Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
答案: Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
6、 Part I Vocabulary (25 minutes)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！sustain transform distinct rewarding prejudicepursue challenge exploit minimum restrictThey hoped to _ the claim that he never slept.
答案: challenge
7、 The five years that he spent on the ship _ him from a boy to a man.
答案: transformed
8、 The runner was able to _ the same pace for hours.
答案: sustain
9、 You must _ every opportunity to learn new things.
答案: exploit
10、 A tour of the Great Wall is an immensely _ experience.
答案: rewarding
11、 I’ve spent a lifetime fighting against racism and _.
答案: prejudice
12、 He was _ by the doctor to five cigarettes a day.
答案: restricted
13、 This book is divided into two _ parts.
答案: distinct
14、 Why do some people _ higher paying but demanding careers?
答案: pursue
15、 Employers frequently pay workers below the _ wage, and some employers do not pay their workers at all.
答案: minimum
16、 Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this part there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！My first suggestion is to get to know the faculty, who have chosen to pursue the academic life because of their passion for learning and their desire to share their knowledge with others. We have an 11_ faculty — get to know them and discover why they are passionate about their scholarly 12_. Over the next few years, you will get to know students whose backgrounds, cultures or beliefs are different from yours. You may find that your values — and your prejudices — are 13_. I hope that you will discover a new understanding and for the pluralistic society in which we live and find constructive ways to 14_ to the world. The opportunity to learn from your fellow students is an important part of a Stanford education.You have chosen to attend a university that is not only a great educational institution but is also a great research institution. I encourage you to take 15_ of that. Take courses and attend seminars that 16_ the frontiers of fields where new knowledge and understanding are being created. For me, 17_ in research as an undergraduate led me from my major in electrical engineering to my graduate major in computer science, and it ignited a passion for being on the 18_ edge of discovery. This passion sustained me through my PhD and continues to 19_ me after more than 30 years as a Stanford faculty member. Being at the forefront of discovery and taking part in the creation of new knowledge is an 20_ rewarding and life-altering experience.A. pursuitsB. contributeC. eligibleD. exploreE. immenselyF. advantageG. appreciationH. extraordinaryI. attributeJ. leadingK. exciteL. challenged M. criticalN. participatingO. desired11. __
答案: H
17、 __
答案: A
18、 __
答案: L
19、 __
答案: B
20、 __
答案: F
21、 __
答案: D
22、 __
答案: N
23、 __
答案: J
24、 __
答案: K
25、 __
答案: E
作业Unit 1 Famous Universties Translation
1、 任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票。(be eligible to, vote)
评分规则: 参考译文：Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote.评分标准3分：句子结构正确，意思完整，用词贴切，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错（冠词、单复数、时态、介词等）。2分：句子结构正确，意思基本完整，但用词欠准确，有个别语言错误。1分：句子结构错误，意思不完整，语言错误很多。0分：未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。 该评分标准适用于所有句子翻译。
2、 遵照医生的建议，我决定戒烟。(on the advice of)
评分规则: 参考译文：On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking.
3、 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(facilities)
评分规则: 参考译文：The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire.
4、 由于这个国家的经济不景气，这家公司濒于破产。(on the edge of)
评分规则: 参考译文：The company is on the edge of bankruptcy due to the economic depression in the country.
5、 公园位于县城的中央。(be located in)
评分规则: 参考译文：The park is located in the center of the town.
Unit 2 Jobs and Careers Self-assessment Test
1、 Section BDirections: In this part there is a passage followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.21. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?
A:Younger people are replacing the elderly.
B:Well-educated people tend to work longer.
C:Unemployment rates are rising year after year.
D:People with no college degree do not easily find work.
答案: Well-educated people tend to work longer.
2、 What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?
A:Longer life expectancies.
B:Profound changes in the workforce.
C:A rapid technological advance.
D:A growing number of the well-educated.
答案: Profound changes in the workforce.
3、 What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?
A:Economic growth will slow down.
B:Government budgets will increase.
C:More people will try to pursue higher education.
D:There will be more competition in the job market.
答案: Economic growth will slow down.
4、 What is the result of policy changes in European countries?
A:Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.
B:More people have to receive in-service training.
C:Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
D:People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.
答案: Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.
5、 What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?
A:Computers will do more complicated work.
B:More will be taken by the educated young.
C:Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.
D:Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
答案: Skills are highly valued regardless of age.
6、 Part I Vocabulary (25 minutes)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.注意：请在答题处填入单词！需要时变换词形！click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectOnly by keeping down costs will America maintain its ______ advantage over other countries.
答案: competitive
7、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectThe church has ______ volunteers to help.
答案: recruited
8、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectMara ______ the book she would buy for Tom’s birthday while shopping last Sunday.
答案: spotted
9、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectThe sun ______ off the snow-covered mountains.
答案: reflected
10、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectPlease bring something with you that ______ your identity.
答案: confirms
11、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectIn its ______ report, UNICEF says at least 40,000 children die every day.
答案: annual
12、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectYou can order anything with a single ______ on the mouse.
答案: click
13、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectThousands of ______ have entered the camps along the borders in recent
days.
答案: refugees
14、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectTwo of the suspects have been ______ by witnesses two days after the murder.
答案: identified
15、 click annual identify confirm refugeerecruit financial competitive spot reflectTokyo and New York are the major ______ centres in today’s world.
答案: financial
16、 II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this part there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 注意：请在答题处填入相应的字母编号！字母一定要大写！In its 11__ survey of U.S. college students, the research firm Universum USA asked its more than 60,000 respondents to 12_ the characteristics they associate with dream employers, and 13_ down the results into seven personality types. Careerists are looking for a 14__ brand name and employers who 15_ only the best and brightest; entrepreneurs want to work for fast-growing companies with a 16_ work environment; explorers are looking for challenging work and a 17__ of assignments; harmonizers are seeking work / life balance and 18_ employment; hunters are attracted by competitive base salaries and good 19___ for future earnings; idealists are 20__ to friendly work environments and high ethical standards; and leaders want leadership opportunities and mentors.A) secureE) recruitI) moodM) prospectsB) consequentlyF) brokeJ) annualN) prestigiousC) identifyG) creativeK) varietyO) tendedD) depressingH) classifiedL) drawn 11. ____
答案: J
17、 ______
答案: C
18、 ______
答案: F
19、 ______
答案: N
20、 ______
答案: E
21、 ______
答案: G
22、 ______
答案: K
23、 ______
答案: A
24、 ______
答案: M
25、 ______
答案: L
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